Japanese Verb Conjugations Group Two

Students learning to speak and read Japanese have to learn an new alphabet and new ways of pronunciation which can be challenging at first. But they catch a break when it comes to some of the finer points of the language. Unlike the more complicated verb conjugations of Romance languages, in Japanese, verbs dont have a different form to indicate first- second- and third-person. There are no differences in singular and plural forms, and like English, there is no different gender for verbs.   Japanese verbs are roughly divided into three groups according to their dictionary form (basic form). There are only two irregular verbs (which are classified as group three) in Japanese:  kuru (to come) and suru (to do). Group one verbs end in ~ u and are also known as consonant -stem or godan verbs. Then theres group two. These verbs are much easier to conjugate, as they all have the same basic conjugation patterns. Group two verbs in Japanese  end in  either ~iru or ~ eru. This group is also called vowel-stem-verbs or Ichidan-doushi (Ichidan verbs). Here are some examples of vowel-stem verbs and their conjugations.   neru (to sleep) Informal Present(Dictionary Form) neru Formal Present(~ masu Form) nemasu Informal Past (~ ta Form) neta Formal Past nemashita Informal Negative(~ nai Form) nenai Formal Negative nemasen Informal Past Negative nenakatta Formal Past Negative nemasen deshita ~ te Form nete Conditional nereba Volitional neyou Passive nerareru Causative nesaseru Potential nerareru Imperative(Command) nero Examples: Neko wa neru no ga suki da. Cats like sleeping. Watashi wa Futon de nemasu. I sleep on a futon. Sakuya Yoku nerarenakatta. I didnt sleep well last night. oshieru (to teach, to tell) Informal Present(Dictionary Form) oshieru Formal Present(~ masu Form) oshiemasu Informal Past (~ ta Form) oshieta Formal Past oshiemashita Informal Negative(~ nai Form) oshienai Formal Negative oshiemasen Informal Past Negative oshienakatta Formal Past Negative oshiemasen deshita ~ te Form oshiete Conditional oshietara Volitional oshieyou Passive oshierareru Causative oshiesaseru Potential oshierareru Imperative(Command) oshiero Examples: Nihon de eigo o oshiete imasu. I teach English in Japan. Oyogikata o oshiete. Teach me how to swim. Eki e iku michi o oshiete kudasai. Can you tell me the way to the station. miru (to see, to look) Informal Present(Dictionary Form) miru Formal Present(~ masu Form) mimasu Informal Past (~ ta Form) mita Formal Past mimashita Informal Negative(~ nai Form) minai Formal Negative mimasen Informal Past Negative minakatta Formal Past Negative mimasen deshita ~ te Form mite Conditional mireba Volitional miyou Passive mirareru Causative misaseru Potential mirareru Imperative(Command) miro Examples: Kono eiga o mimashita ka. Did you see this movie? Terebi o mite mo ii desu ka. May I watch TV? Chizu o mireba wakarimasu yo. If you look at the map,you will understand. taberu (to eat) Informal Present(Dictionary Form) taberu Formal Present(~ masu Form) tabemasu Informal Past (~ ta Form) tabeta Formal Past tabemashita Informal Negative(~ nai Form) tabenai Formal Negative tabemasen Informal Past Negative tabenakatta Formal Past Negative tabemasen deshita ~ te Form tabete Conditional tabereba Volitional tabeyou Passive taberareru Causative tabesaseru Potential taberareru Imperative(Command) tabero Examples: Kyou asagohan o tabenakatta. I didnt have breakfast today. Kangofu wa byounin ni ringo o tabesaseta. The nurse fed an apple to the patient. Sore, taberareru no? Can you eat this?